Iranian Journal of Health Sciences
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Autumn 2020

The insecticidal potential of Carica papaya (male and female species), and Spondias mombin were tested against the developmental stages of the malaria vector; Anopheles gambiae in the laboratory at an ambient condition.

Methanolic leaves extracts of S. mombin and C. papaya (male and female species) were carried out using cold extraction method. The extracts were evaporated and concentrated using a rotary evaporator under low pressure to make solvent-free. The An. gambiae larvae and pupae were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% concentrations of the plant methanolic extracts for 24 hours and their mortality was recorded.

Results indicated that C. papaya (male species) caused significantly higher mortality of the An. gambiae larvae and pupae than the other plant extract tested (p< 0.05). It caused 100% larval mortality and 95% pupal mortality at 0.5% concentration. However, it was observed that the larvae were more susceptible to the extracts of all the plants tested. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and log probit analysis.

All the three medicinal plants screened in this work showed high potency to induce mortality of both the larval and pupal stages of the malaria vector and could consequently be used to reduce malaria prevalence in the endemic areas of Nigeria.

Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes and its associated healthcare costs, this study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the increase in blood glucose followed by inadequate control in diabetic patients registered in the Imam Hospital in Sari.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on diabetic patients admitted to the emergency department suffering from increase in blood glucose (more than 200 mg/dL). Demographic, clinical, and social information were entered into the checklist, and the factors associated with the rise in blood glucose was investigated.

In this study, 301 diabetic patients with increase in blood glucose levels were included. Mean age was 65±10.6 years, 50.8% (153) were between 70-61 years, and lethargy with 37.9% (114 patients) had the highest cause of complaints in patients, meanwhile, 38.9% (117) of the patients had 4 visits a year by specialist. In addition, 53.8% (162) had "while at work" physical activity status and only 6.6% (20) of the patients had sportive-recreational activity. 42.2% (127) of the studied cases were also not in any type of abuse situation (clean), and 32.9% (99) of them experienced drug abuse. Among the referring patients, 51.5% were suffering hyperglycemia with infection, and 22.6% were documented to be with reduced or discontinued medication.

Based on the results, a general description of associated factors with hyperglycemia patients can be used for the prevention and treatment of these patients and the prevention of future complications.

Supplier-induced demand (SID) refers to the concept that healthcare providers may deliver services to patients that are not medically necessary. An estimation of the extent to which this event has occurred can be insightful for policymaking and guiding health systems. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which SID presents itself during diagnostic MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) for primary breast cancer.

In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained using questionnaires from a random sample of 310 cases. To identify patients who were candidates for undergoing a necessary diagnostic MRI, we employed the international clinical guidelines with the confirmation of our expert panelists. With their assistance, a comprehensive index was created to screen those who were affected by SID.

Of the respondents, 94.1% had undergone an unnecessary diagnostic MRI and, thus, were likely affected by SID, which indicated the lack of sovereignty of clinical guidelines in the prescription of MRI diagnosis imaging.

This study supported the SID hypothesis and the unnecessary demand for diagnostic MRI in primary breast cancer. In addition, our evidence indicated that excessive costs were imposed; these can positively influence policymakers’ decisions regarding healthcare management.

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) annually dismiss numerous afflicted workers to medical centers and also cause inefficiency among the workers. Given that Iran is one of the major saffron producers and exporters, and having many workers involved, the present study was conducted with the aim to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and to analyze the postural conditions of saffron harvesters.

In this cross-sectional study, 110 saffron-harvesters were randomly selected. The prevalence of WRMSDs was examined through the Nordic Questionnaire (The data were analyzed using SPSS Software, Version 21), and corrective measurements were determined for these postures through the OWAS postural analysis.

The results showed that the most compromised regions of any prevalent disorders were back (38%) and waist (31.6%). In the postural analysis, trunk (80%) and legs (13%) were among the corrective measurements of category II, and arms were at category I. In the analysis of combined postures, it was found that 46% of them were at corrective measurements of category II, and 31% were at category III.

 Regarding the Nordic Questionnaire’s results and its comparison with the OWAS postural analysis, it was concluded that it was of utmost importance to take corrective measurements to prevent the mentioned damages. Therefore, main ergonomic recommendations and a product-oriented design guideline were advised to correct the postures.

Since job burnout affects the patientschr('39') quality of care, it is useful to identify more effective factors in improving the quality of services. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and social support with job burnout among nurses.

This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted in the winter of 2018. The research population included 214 nurses of intensive care units in the medical and educational center of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences by census sampling method. Data were gathered using Bradbury and Graveschr('39') social intelligence, Philips et al.’s social support, and Maslach and Jackson’s burnout questionnaires. For analyzing the research hypotheses, Pearson correlation, linear regression, and Sobel test were used.   

Two of the nurses exhibited low emotional intelligence (%0.93), while two of them had average (%0.93) and 210 had high emotional intelligence (%98.13). 18.22% had low burnout, 73.36% had average and 8.41% had high burnout rate. The correlation between emotional intelligence with social support was 0.125, and the probability was greater than 0.05. The correlation between emotional exhaustion and perceived social support, personality deprivation, individual performance, and job burnout were found to be 0.012, 0.07, -0.045, and 0.015, respectively; whereas probability values for all of these relationships were more than 0.05. The correlation between emotional intelligence and emotional exhaustion, personality deprivation, individual function, and burnout were -0.263, -0.125, -0.313, and -0.335, respectively. The probability values except for the personchr('39')s depersonalization variable, for other relationships, were also less than 0.05, and the relationship was documented to be significant.

There was a significant and inverse relationship between emotional intelligence and job burnout, but there was found not a significant relationship between social support with job burnout, and emotional intelligence with social support.